Nosebleeds

A nosebleed is caused by the tiny membranes that line the nostril breaking. The bleeding will stop when the blood has clotted. The clot will stop any further blood from escaping.

It is quite normal for all children to have the occasional nosebleed. If any child suffers from them on a regular basis then it is a sensible precaution to get them checked out by a doctor.

There are two types of nosebleed. The first is more common and occurs when bleeding starts in the lower part of the septum. These are known as anterior nosebleeds. The second type starts higher up and is far more serious. These are called posterior nosebleeds. These can cause blood to flow down the throat even when a child is sitting upright. If you believe your child has this type of nosebleed then you should summon immediate medical attention.

The most normal cause of a nosebleed is a bang on the nose. Picking or blowing the noise hard can also trigger one. Sometimes a nosebleed will also start for no apparent reason. For example I have noticed my own children to be more likely to suffer from a nosebleed in hot and humid conditions. Many also start when a child is asleep at night.

To treat a nosebleed the ideal position is to sit a child so that they are leaning forward over a sink. This allows the blood to run away freely. You will also be able to see when the nosebleed is slowing and eventually stops. Pinch the soft part of the nostrils. This should be a gentle pinch and you should be careful not to apply too much pressure. Obviously if a child is old enough they can pinch their own nose to help stem the flow of blood. Clots normally form within about ten minutes.

Do not make a child lean back. This can cause blood to flow down the back of the throat.

As well as treating the bleeding it helps if you can keep the child calm. The sight of their own blood can be a big worry to a small child. Try to reassure them as much as possible.

Usually the biggest problem a nosebleed will cause is a small amount of shock for the child and some extra washing for you. Therefore it is always best for the child to rest or sit quietly for a while after a nosebleed has occurred. It is relatively easy for a nosebleed to start again, so it is important for a child to leave their nose alone and avoid touching or blowing their nose for a while. They should also avoid running around and I would also avoid anything like hot baths for at least half an hour after the nosebleed has stopped.

If a nosebleed is very heavy or persists for a long time, for example 20 minutes, then medical help should be sought. I would recommend taking your child to a doctor, accident and emergency department or placing an urgent call to NHS Direct. You also need to be aware that if a child has had a blow to the head and the bleed appears to be thinner and more watery than usual that medical help should be sought as soon as possible.

NOTE:
The health section of Parenting.co.uk is not to be used as a substitute for your GP; if your child is ill then seek the advice of a qualified doctor or other health professional without delay.

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